The bronchi are the large tubes that carry air deep down into the lungs. If they become inflamed or infected, especially over long periods, their walls may be damaged, resulting in abnormal dilation. This condition is called bronchiectasis, in which the bronchi are constantly infected.
Cough with colored sputum
Cough with blood
Cyanosis -- bluish discoloration of skin and lips due to lack of oxygen.
Wheezing
Shortness of breath
Barrel shape chest
Recurrent Pneumonia
Weight Loss
Cystic Fibrosis
Lung Infections and Abscess
Tumors that obstruct the bronchi
Aspiration of foreign bodies
Genetic syndromes such as alpha-1-antitirypsin deficiency and Kartagener's syndrome
Congenital (present at birth) immunodeficiency syndromes
Acquired immunodeficiency syndromes
Tuberculosis
Chronic aspiration
Inhalation of toxic, irritating chemicals or gases.
Allergic bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis
Examination
- Crackles in lungs
Laboratory
Sputum culture
Anemia
Oximetry shows a decreased oxygen saturation
Imaging
Chest X-Ray shows increased bronchial markings, fibrosis, and cystic spaces at the base of the lungs
CT scan
Testing
- Bronchoscopy (scope passed into lungs)
Drink plenty of fluids
Stop smoking
Chest physical therapy -- draining thick sputum
Antibiotics based on sputum culture results
- Augmentin is commonly used
Bronchoscopy is sometimes needed to remove plugged secretions.
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