Bad Breath

Halitosis, breath odor

This is an unpleasant, malodorous, or offensive breath odor.  Sometimes it is caused by an underlying medical condition or diet.  Most often, the cause is unknown.

Poor dental hygiene Cavities/impacted or infected tooth Alcoholism Smoking Gum disease Sinusitis Bronchiectasis (a lung disease) Lung Infections Foreign bodies in nose Some medications (e.g., Paraldehyde, Insulin, Triamterene) Vitamin supplements Foods (e.g., onions, garlic) Bowel obstruction Kidney failure Diabetes Esophageal Cancer Stomach Cancer Throat infection Zenker's Diverticulum

Doctor needs to check for underlying cause if it exists Tests include sinus X-Rays, chest radiographs, throat cultures, and endoscopy may be done. Referral to an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) physician, or a dentist may be necessary. A halimeter is occasionally used to measure levels of volatile sulfur compounds responsible for bad breath.

Proper dental hygiene (flossing). Discontinue smoking Avoid mouthwashes that contain alcohol, because they can dry the mouth and make the odor worse. Drink plenty of fluids Antibiotics are prescribed if bacterial overgrowth or infection is identified. Proper brushing Using a tongue scrapper will help Teeth extraction (if infected) Abscess drainage may be needed Parsley or strong mints temporarily improve bad breath.

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